1. You look hot. What take you lot been doing (you/do)? - I (run). - Running in this heat? How far (you/run)? - About x miles.
2. What�s the problem? You look a bit preoccupied. - Aye, I (think) nearly Helen. - Why? Is in that location something wrong with her? - Well, she (human activity) so strangely lately. - In what way? - Well, some days when she arrives at piece of work, I know that she (cry). And she (brand) private calls when we�re all out at lunch. I only think that something�s going on. -...(you/talk) to her about it nevertheless? - Yeah, a few times, and each time she (say) that there�s nothing wrong but I�g not so sure.
3. Where (yous/be), Simon? - I (talk) to Mark on the phone. He says he (try) to telephone us all day. - Well, I (exist) in most of the solar day merely I (non hear) the phone. - That�s strange. Only anyway, he (take) a call from Jackie�s mother and Jackie (be) in some kind of blow. It�s nil very serious but she�s got to stay in hospital overnight. - Oh dearest. ...(she/break) any bones? - I�m non quite certain how badly she (be hurt), merely I think we should go and run into her tonight.
Exercise 45
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the nowadays perfect or the present perfect progressive.
one. Peter: Y'all (telephone) for ages. You non nearly (finish)?
Jack: I (not become) through still. I (try) to exit Paris office just the line (be) engaged all morn.
2. Ann (fail) her driving examination iii times because she�s so bad at reversing. But she (practice) reversing for the last week and I think she (get) a fleck better at it.
iii. Tom: I often (wonder) why Pecker left the country and so suddenly.
Peter: Really, I but (observe) out.
iv. He (play) the bagpipes since six o�clock this morning. He only just (cease).
5. Tom (looking upward absent-mindedly as Mary comes in): Y'all (sunbathe)?
Mary (crossly): Don�t be ridiculous! It (rain) all day!
half dozen. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since last week. I (Picket them from my window since they began.
vii. Someone (use) my umbrella! It�s all wet! And it was wet yesterday and the day before! -Well, it wasn�t me. I (not be) out of the business firm for a week.
eight. The constabulary (not find) the murderer yet, but the dead human�s brother (be) in the station all day. The police say that he (help) them with their enquiries.
9. They (pull) down near of the houses in this street, but they (not touch) the old shop at the corner still.
10. Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills just we *search) for half-dozen months and (not see) any sign of information technology.
11. I (expect) for the prices of the houses to come up downwards earlier ownership a house, simply I remember I (wait) too long and the prices are beginning to get up again.
12. Peter (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he (await) for a better post merely and so far he (not detect) annihilation.
13. I (do) housework all forenoon and I (not finish) yet. - I (do) mine already. I always outset at 6 a. m.
14. I just (pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I (grow) strawberries for years but I never (have) such a adept crop before.
15. What you (practise) with the corkscrew? The point is cleaved off. - I�thou afraid I (use) it to make holes in this tin.
sixteen. She just (sell) two of her ain paintings. - She�southward lucky. I (paint) for 5 years and I (not sell) a single moving-picture show nonetheless.
17. They are throwing crockery at each other in the next apartment. - This (happen) before? - Well, they (have) a good many rows but this ios the first time they (throw) crockery.
18. What you (do) with my typewriter? I can�t find information technology anywhere. - Tom simply (get) off with it. He says he�ll bring it dorsum when he (terminate).
19. He works for Crow Brothers for forty years and never once (be) late. The firm just (present) him with a gold watch as a sign of their appreciation.
20. We (mend) sheets all morning but we only (do) iii, and at present the sewing auto (pause) downward then we�ll be even slower with the next one.
21. George (collect) matchboxes aver since he left school. Now he (collect) so many that e doesn�t know where to put them.
22. I (look) through my old photo album. It�s full of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all.
23. Information technology was lovely at eleven o�clock, but since then the sky (get) steadily darker and the wind (rise). I�m agape the fine spell (come) to an cease.
24. Since he became Mayor, my brother reckons that he (swallow) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend).-He (put) on a lot of weight?
25. Secretary: Customers (band) up all morning time complaining almost getting incorrect bills.
Manager: I know; something (go) wrong with our computer. The mechanic (work) on it. I hope he (find) out what is wrong.
Exercise 46
Put the verbs in brackets into the past elementary, nowadays perfect or the nowadays perfect progressive.
Andrew and Michael, two friends, are talking.
| A: | Hello, I haven�t seen (not run across) you for ages. |
| G: | No, it must be about 2 years since we last (run across). What (you/exercise) with yourself? |
| A: | I (do) all sorts of things. Life (exist) very decorated lately. I (offset) a new job at the sailing centre. |
| K: | Really? Doing what? |
| A: | I (teach) beginners� courses to school groups this term but when those (finish), I�ll exist educational activity more advanced groups on vacation courses. |
| M: | That sounds great. What about your one-time job at the tourist office then? |
| A: | Well, I (work) in that location for x years and I quite (savour) the job but I (desire) to do something dissimilar. I (always/enjoy) sailing in my spare time so I (remember) information technology would be nice to practice information technology for a job. |
| M: | And then how long (you/be) at the sailing eye? |
| A: | For almost two months now. I�m sure I (do) the right affair. It�s a actually enjoyable job. And what well-nigh you? |
| M: | Well, I�chiliad still at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (work) in that location for fifteen years at present. Simply I (take) a promotion, so that�s good. They (requite) me the job of head receptionist. |
| A: | Oh, that�s skillful news. |
| M: | Yes, it (brand) me experience much better well-nigh work. I mean, I (practise) a lot of different jobs at the hotel but I (never have) a job with this much responsibleness before. I (piece of work) on the reception desk for four years when I (commencement) at the hotel - that was before they (motility) me into the function - just I (exist) only a junior receptionist then so I just (do) what I (be told) to do. |
| A: | So when (you/become) the new job? |
| 1000: | A month ago, after (pass) my intermediate exams in Spanish and German at the college. Did you know I (do) language evening classes at the college for a while now? |
| A: | No, I didn�t realise. |
| K: | Yep, I (make up one's mind) that I (cannot get) whatsoever further at work without learning some languages. |
| A: | Then y'all did! What a good thought. |
Section VI. Past Perfect Progressive
Chart xvi. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Exercise 47
Put the verbs in brackets into the by simple, past perfect and by perfect progressive.
He (place)a pic on the easel and (let) me wait at it for a minute or 2; and so he (take) it down and (put) another in its place. He (show) me about thirty canvases. It (be) the result of the vi years during which he (paint).He never (sell) a moving-picture show. The canvases (exist) of different sizes. The smaller (be) pictures of still-life and the largest (be) the landscapes. There (be) about half a dozen portraits.
Exercise 48
Put the verbs in brackets into the past elementary, by progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
1. She (accept) the package from me and (sit) downwards on the floor to open up it. His eyes (smile) at present. She (lift) out the doll and (look) at me. �It�s very pretty,� she (say).
2. At that place (be) only one sound to be heard in the street, but no sooner Mr. Manning (hear) it than he (quicken) his pace at once.
three. She (turn) the light back on, (prevarication) on the sofa and (take) up the book she (read).
4. For a moment later the door (shut) softly behind their son, Mr. Tarantino and Mrs. Tarantino only (stand) and (look) at each other.
5 He (let) the border of the bullheaded autumn and, stepping down from the bench on which he (stand) (walk) out of the room.
6. Nosotros (sit) around silently for a moment, each trying to call up of some possibility we (overlook).
7. His secretary (take) the paper from the tabular array where he (put) it, and (become) out.
eight. It (be) near midnight when they (come) in from dinner, nonetheless laughing at something he (say) in the dining-room.
nine. There (exist) a silence. Andrew (sit) withal for a moment. The situation (be) worse even that he (imagine).
10. Lester (sit down) downwards in his easy-chair by the window afterwards his brother (become) and (gaze) ruminantly out over the flourishing city.
11. She (get) to her anxiety, (slip) into her glaze, and (go) to the door, when she (open) it, she (await) back at her mother.
12. Irene (stand) past the piano, she (accept) off her hat and a lace scarf she (wear), so that her golden-coloured hair (exist) visible.
thirteen. We (milkshake) hands. I (experience) so shy that I could recollect of nothing to say, just Mrs. Manning (come) to my rescue. She (ask) me what I (do) with myself during the summer, and with this help I (manage) to make some conversation.
fourteen. It (be) two o�clock. Eliza (exist) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in her bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. Information technology (rain), the way it (pelting) for days.
xv. When Fleur and her father (go) up, Michael (light) a cigarette and (pass) back into the �parlour�. He (sit) downwards at the clavicord.
xvi. John (exist) happier than he (be) since he (land) in the New World three and a half years agone.
17. At this moment the curtain (go) up again. Since Laurie Anderson (not appear), Soames (be) obliged to proceed awake.
18. When he (achieve) Andrew, whom he (come across) half mode downward the street, he (give) a theatrical start of recognition.
19. Sue (look) at me with those pleasant eyes of hers, which (be) as sympathetic equally they (exist) more than than twenty years before.
twenty. They (gallop) back along the track. The sunday (become) downward fifty-fifty faster than he (call back), the air (grow) cold, the light gray.
21. In his turn Jolyon (await) back at his son. He (want) to talk about many things that he (exist) unable to talk virtually all these years.
22. The teacher (rise) from her seat and (go) among the children, helping them with gentle words and telling them the mistakes they (make).
23. They (drink) hot coffee from the thermos Sandy (bring).
24. She (be) at the station after all, standing merely equally he (imagine), autonomously from the others.
25. When she (finish) her simple tale, for she hardly (be) away from dwelling, there (be) silence, till John (say): �Information technology�due south one-half past seven merely.�
26. He just (finish) his work and with a mild sense of accomplishment (write) the label when the surgery bell (band), the outer door (swing) open up, and a short, powerfully thickest red-faced man of thirty (stroll) in, followed by a dog.
27. That evening Denny (arrive) as he (promise), for supper. He (bring) a bulletin from Promise, who (ring) him from Cambridge, to say that he (be) unable to become to London that evening.
Practise 49
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect progressive.
1. Jack (clench) the pencil he (apply).
2. He (know) from the redness of her eyes, in that location (exist) times she (cry).
3. Turning away, Gwen (move) to close the cupboard Demerest (look) into.
4. Through the open window he could come across the chair where Eliza (sit) the previous night.
5. He (await) up once again after Mr. Oakroyd (stand up) at that place a minute of two.
half-dozen. He (sit) down opposite her and (lift) the large drinking glass of tomato plant juice out of the ice in which information technology (residue).
seven. So he (mind) graciously when Mrs. Manning (venture) to put the question which (revolve) in her heed all the afternoon.
8. Carefully she (close) the magazine, turning downwards the corner of the page that she (read).
Exercise 50
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect progressive.
one. That evening, that Mon evening, I (get) a phone call when I (swallow) dinner at the society.
two. My sister�south birthday (be) the only thing anybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks.
three. I (go) back to the hotel and up to my room, where I (expect) my parents at six-thirty.
4. Shortly he (plough) to greet her, who (stand up) at his elbow.
v. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tail fan, (stop) abruptly.
half dozen. He just (leave) for the airport when Dip (call).
7. What are you lot thinking of? - he (enquire) afterwards he (look) at me for a few seconds.
8. At nine in the morn she (stand) on the steps in forepart of the hotel, shivering in a linen clothes.
nine. He (non say) where he (slumber) and (have) the appearance of not having slept at all.
Exercise 51
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
1. He (leave) a message that he (telephone call).
2. A boyfriend who (stand) on the pavement (come) forward.
3. She (run into) her daughter�s eyes, only (seem) not to hear what she (say).
4. A beau at whose feet she (sit), (rising) and (stand) before Michael.
five. He again (come) to the village where he (live) in childhood.
half-dozen. They (be) silent a moment. She (wait) for him to speak.
7. James (render) to the book he (read) when his parents (enter).
eight. The boondocks (be) not big, but he (not be) sorry he (come up) here.
nine. Michael (become) back into the drawing-room. Fleur (stand) virtually the window.
10. I (try) to retrieve what I (do) during that fourth dimension.
11. When their visitor (leave) John and his female parent (stand) without speaking.
12. When he (dress) he (become) downstairs, (write) a long letter to his parents and another to his sister.
thirteen. �Y'all are welcome,� she (say) and (walk) dorsum to where she (sit) with her niggling son.
xiv. When he (come) home, he (see) that something (happen) to his daughter.
15. While he (read) this notice a middle-aged woman (appear) in the doorway.
16. She (sit) at the tabular array only five minutes when a motorcar (come up).
17. Their father (be) still silent, even when they (take) coffee.
eighteen. Xviii years (get) since he first (go) into this firm.
19. John (expect) until Eliza and her brothers (go).
20. The three (sit) downward to the repast that Susan (ready).
21. I (non be) here 10 minutes earlier they (come) in.
Exercise 52
Put the verbs in brackets into the by simple, past perfect and by perfect progressive.
1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) information technology very much; but I (know) that he (non read) it considering most of the pages (be) nevertheless uncut.
two. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) dwelling house every bit he (not accept) to be at the aerodrome till 9:30.
3. He (not take) to pack, for his wife already (practice) that for him and his instance (be) ready in the hall.
4. He (not have) to bank check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house.
5. All he (have) to practise (be) to determine whether or not to accept his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) non to.
6. At 8:30 he (selection) up his case, (become) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.
vii. So he (feel) in his pockets for the key, his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.
eight. When he (search) all his pockets and (notice) no cardinal he (recollect) where it (be).
9. He (leave) information technology in his overcoat pocket.
10. And then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well.
xi. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (exist) shrouded in fog all year circular, then I (be) quite surprised to find that information technology was merely raining.
12. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, nigh the fog and he (say) that there (not be) whatsoever fog since the previous February.
thirteen. If I (desire) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the incorrect fourth dimension.
xiv. Still, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a store in Shaftesbury Avenue.
fifteen. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) practiced quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.
16. When the sometime lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absenteeism, considering the front end door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside downwardly.
17. The burglars themselves (exist) no longer there, just they probably simply simply (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table.
18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming upwardly and (run) down the fire escape.
19. They (aid) themselves to her whisky too but at that place (be) a petty left, then she (cascade) herself out a drink.
twenty. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had.
21. The jewellery (be given) her by her married man, who (die) some years before.
22. Since his death she (not accept) the center to article of clothing it, all the same she (non similar) to sell information technology.
23. Now information technology (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands, and certainly the insurance money would come in handy.
24. I (put) the $5 notation into ane of my books, simply adjacent 24-hour interval it (take) me ages to find it considering I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
25. A adult female (come) in with a babe, who she (say) just (eat) a safety pin.
26. I (remember) my train (leave) at 14:33, and (be) very disappointed when I (make it) at fourteen:30 and (learn) that it just (exit).
27. I (notice) afterwards that I (use) an out-of-date timetable.
28. He (park) his auto under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come up) out of the shop 10 minutes later his motorcar (be) no longer there.
29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.
30. It (be) now 6 p. thousand.; and Jack (exist) tired considering he (work) difficult all twenty-four hour period.
31. He (exist) as well hungry because he (take) nothing to eat since breakfast.
32. His married woman usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch fourth dimension, but today for some reason she (not come).
33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (run into) her before.
34. I (wait) out before I (go) to bed and (encounter) a man continuing on the opposite pavement watching the house.
35. When I (become upwardly) the following morn he (be) however at that place, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all dark or of he (get) away and (come) back.
Section Vii. Hereafter Forms
Future with will
This is too referred to equally the future simple or simple futurity tense.
volition (�ll) + bare infinitive: I volition (I'll) go, etc.
Short class of will not: won't
USE
� To brand a statement of fact or a prediction about the time to come: Mary will be here tomorrow. Tonight'due south plan volition be very interesting.
� To make formal announcements of futurity plans and to present weather forecasts. It is therefore often used in newspapers and on the television and radio.
The new President will move into the White House tomorrow. Rain will go on throughout the day.
� To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about the future. Used later verbs similar: assume, believe, doubt, expect, hope, reckon, suppose, think an6 exist sure/afraid and with adverbs like perhaps, possibly, probably, definitely.
I await they'll be here presently.
Do you think she'll bring her boyfriend with her?
� In sentences containing clauses of condition or time: //" / get that chore, I'll leave and celebrate. I'll telephone you when I become at that place.
� To express an intention when the determination is made at the fourth dimension of speaking.
a: There isn't any milk left. a: Oh, isn't in that location? I'll go some in town. I'g going there afterwards on.
� To express the idea of willingness:
I�fifty l do information technology for yous, I promise, (promise)
Will you open the window, please? (request)
I�ll l ook subsequently the children for you lot. (offer)
He won't come with me. (refusal)
Yes. I�ll come with you. (agreement)
I�ll definitely tell him the truth this time. (decision)
Stop that or I� ll telephone call the police force. (threat).
� To make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice. instructions.
Utilise Shall I/nosotros. in the Question form.
Shall I assist you with that? (offering)
Shall we invite them circular for dinner? (proposition)
What shall I do?
Shall we come round after dinner?
Note The use of shall
� In spoken English. shall is virtually often used in the question class with I or nosotros to brand offers or suggestions or to inquire for suggestions, advice, instructions.
Shall I come with you lot?
What shall nosotros do tomorrow?
� Shall is occasionally used to express strong determination about oneself or someone else.
I shall go anyhow.
I don't care what you call up.
I shan't let him bello me.
You shall have whatever you desire.
� Shall tin can be used in the same manner every bit will in the first person but will is more common.
In spoken English, the contraction � ll is the near mutual. Shall is used more frequently in formal written English language than in informal written or spoken English.
Nosotros shall make every effort to respond your inquiry as soon equally possible.
I shall be at the airport to meet you in person.
Exercise 53
Complete the following sentences with will/�ll or shall/�ll and a verb from the box.
Offer make tell take buy drop launder announce receive be sentenced phone bear be invite become
1. I'm lamentable most losing that book. I�ll buy you another 1 side by side week.
ii. I one of those cases for y'all.
3. The temperature .. significantly during the afternoon.
iv. .. yous .. me when you get the news? You lot've got my number, haven't you?
five. The Chancellor .. the details of the budget at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
6. ..we.. her the truth nigh what happened?
vii. I wait they .. hither soon.
8. You .. your examination results by mail during the first few days of Baronial.
9. I.. not .. them here once more, whatever you lot say.
10. If he is found guilty, he .. to life imprisonment.
11. I.. never .. the aforementioned fault again.
12. ..we.. for a swim this afternoon?
thirteen. They definitely .. not .. me the job: I had a terrible interview.
I .. these plates?
15. I'm adamant that he everything he wants.
Exercise 54
Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple. Lookout the use of the future simple tense.
1. I (know) the result in a week.
2. You (be) in Rome tonight.
3. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 4.
Do you lot think that he (recognise) me?
v. I hope I (find) it.
six. I (call back) this solar day all my life.
7. Perchance he (go far) in time for luncheon.
8. I am certain that you (like) our new business firm.
9. I hope he (remember) to purchase breadstuff.
10. I wonder how many of us still (be) here side by side yr.
11. Jack (be) twenty years old next week.
12. I (go) up early on tomorrow.
thirteen. The female parent (take) her infant to the physician tomorrow.
14. We (accept) a holiday side by side week.
15. Mary and her sister (wear) their new dresses tomorrow.
16. I (do) my homework this evening.
17. She (stay) at abode tomorrow.
18. I (encounter) my mother this evening.
19. Where the children (go) in the summertime holiday? � They (go) to the seaside.
xx. They (stay) with us next Christmas.
Chart 17. Volition Versus Exist Going to
| To express a PREDICTION - either Volition or Be GOING TO is used: |
| a) According to the conditions report, information technology will be cloudy tomorrow. b) According to the atmospheric condition report, information technology is going to be cloudy tomorrow. c) Be careful! Y'all� ll hurt yourself! d) Watch out! You� re going to hurt yourself! | When the speaker is making a prediction (a statement about something s/he thinks will exist true or volition occur in the future,), either will or be going to is possible. In that location is no departure in pregnant betwixt (a) and (b). In that location is no difference in meaning between (c ) and (d). |
| To express a PRIOR PLAN - only Be GOING TO is used: |
| e) A: Why did you buy this paint? B: I� m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to piece of work. He is going to buy a motorcar. That�s what he told me. | When the speaker is expressing a prior plan (something the speaker intends to do in the hereafter because in the past s/he has made a plan or decision to practice information technology), only be going to is used.* In (f): The speaker knows Bob�s intention to buy a car. Bob made the decision in the by and he intends to act on this decision in the future. Will is not appropriate in (e) and (f). |
| To express WILLINGNESS - only WILL is used: |
| one thousand) A: The telephone�s ringing. B: I� ll become it h) A: I don�t sympathise this problem. B: Ask your instructor most it. She� ll help you. | In (m): B. is proverb: �I am willing, I am happy to get the phone.� He is not making a prediction. He has made no prior plan to answer the telephone. He is, instead, volunteering to answer the telephone and uses will to testify his willingness. In (h): B. feels sure most the teacher�south willingness to help. Exist going to is not appropriate in (g) and (h). |
*COMPARE:
Situation one: A: Are you busy this evening?
B: Yes. I�g going to run into Jack at the library at vii Nosotros�re going to written report together.
In state of affairs 1, only be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior plan, so he uses exist going to.
 | �� �� �������� ������ ���� �������� �������� �� ���������� ���������:
1 ii 3 four 5 vi seven 8 |
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